Acute effects refer to the immediate or short-term impacts or consequences of a specific stimulus or intervention on an individual's health or behavior. In the context of research, acute effects are typically studied by measuring changes that occur shortly after exposure to a particular treatment, substance, or activity. These effects can include physiological changes, cognitive effects, emotional responses, or behavioral outcomes. Studying acute effects can provide valuable insights into the immediate impact of different factors on individuals and help inform decision-making in various fields such as medicine, psychology, and public health.